Managing Thyroid Dysfunction During Pregnancy: Expert Insights on Risks and Strategies
The thyroid gland, responsible for secreting hormones vital for metabolism, growth, and stress response, plays a crucial role during pregnancy. As the demands on the thyroid increase to support fetal development, understanding the changes it undergoes becomes imperative.
Dr. Juhee Jain, Director of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Madhukar Rainbow Children’s Hospital, underscores the profound impact of thyroid disruption on both mother and baby. Hypothyroidism, characterized by an underactive thyroid gland, can lead to miscarriage, preterm birth, and developmental delays in the baby. Conversely, hyperthyroidism, an overactive gland, may result in complications such as preeclampsia in the mother and fetal growth retardation.
Regular monitoring of thyroid levels during pregnancy is essential to ensure optimal outcomes for both mother and baby, particularly in terms of neurocognitive and intellectual function. Dr. Dhivyambigai, an Obstetrician and Gynecologist at Apollo Cradle and Children’s Hospital, Chennai, emphasizes the critical role of the thyroid in fetal development.
Thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy can manifest in various forms, including hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. Hypothyroidism may lead to stunted growth and developmental delays in the baby, while hyperthyroidism can increase the risk of preterm birth and heart complications.
Untreated thyroid disorders during pregnancy can result in serious complications such as preeclampsia, miscarriage, and stillbirth. Hence, pregnant women with thyroid disorders require regular monitoring and appropriate treatment to maintain thyroid hormone levels within the normal range.
Managing thyroid health during pregnancy involves a multi-faceted approach, including medication, dietary adjustments, and regular monitoring by obstetricians and endocrinologists. By ensuring optimal thyroid function, potential risks can be mitigated, supporting healthy fetal development and overall well-being.
